Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of Erickson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.2
Like Freud, Erickson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. However, Erickson's reasoning was quite different then that of Freud's. Erickson believe that learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence.
Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection.
Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.